Insight into Debye Hückel length (κ−1): smart gravimetric and swelling techniques reveals discrepancy of diffuse double layer theory at high ionic concentrations
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Smart gravimetric and swelling techniques were utilized in this work to examine the validity of Debye Hückel length (κ −1 ) equation when shale interacts with highly concentrated salt solutions. The shrinkage behavior two different shales, exposed monovalent divalent ionic solutions (NaCl, KCl CaCl 2 at concentrations ranging from 22%w/w was observed measured. Shale results show that seems adequately low where osmotic water flow out plays a major role decreasing diffuse double layer thickness by withdrawing thereby shrinking κ . At high concentration levels, associated into negates withdrawal which could maintain or possibly increase it. Data on measured uptake suggests excessive diffusion shale, especially concentrations, leads higher electrical repulsion between alike ions lead expansion thickness. Furthermore, data analysis for existence ‘ critical ’ below works. Above concentration, might be question. is all depends valence, hydrated ion diameter, clay type.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2190-0566', '2190-0558']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01380-2